Shenling Baizhusan Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation in Rat Model of Crohn's Disease via p38 MAPK Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Shenling Baizhusan on the intestinal inflammatory reaction in the rat model of Crohn's disease （CD） and study its relationship with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， so as to provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of this prescription. MethodA total of 72 SD rats （36 males and 36 females） were randomized into a normal group （n=12） and a modeling group （n=60）. The rats in the modeling group were treated with 2，4，6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS， 3 mL·kg-1） and then randomized into model， mesalazine （0.21 g·kg-1·d-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.88， 11.76， 23.59 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively） Shenling Baizhusan groups. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage for 14 days， and those in the normal and model groups with an equal volume of distilled water. The disease activity index （DAI） score of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and the colon mucosal damage index （CMDI） score of rats in each group were assessed after gavage. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the colon， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1 （IL-1）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK）， p65 nuclear factor （NF）-κB， and phosphorylated-p65 NF-κB （p-NF-κB p65） in the colon tissue. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine the miRNA levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in the colon tissue. ResultThe model group had higher DAI and CMDI scores than the normal group （P<0.01） and showed damaged epithelial cells in the colon mucosa， disarrangement of glands， damaged simple tubular glands， local necrosis， infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells and lymphocytes in each layer， and presence of ulceration. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated levels of TNF-α， IL-1， and IL-6 in the serum （P<0.01） and up-regulated protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 and miRNA level of p38 MAPK in the colon tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， mesalazine and high- and medium-dose Shenling Baizhusan decreased the DAI and CMDI scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）， repaired the mucosal epithelium of the colon tissue， increased the glands and goblet cells， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1， and IL-6 in the serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 and the miRNA level of p38 MAP in the colon mucosa （P<0.01， P<0.05）. ConclusionShenling Baizhusan can reduce intestinal inflammation of CD rats and promote the repair of colon mucosa by down-regulating the protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and pNF-κB p65 and the miRNA level of p38 MAPK to inhibit the p38 MAPK pathway.

Effects of sex factor on different transfusion strategies / 中国基层医药

Objective:To collect and analyze laboratory indicators of patients of different sexes after blood transfusion, evaluate the effectiveness of blood transfusion, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating more scientific blood transfusion plans.Methods:The clinical data of 808 patients who underwent blood transfusion in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the blood transfusion strategy and the department to which the patients were admitted, these patients were divided into four groups: surgical restrictive blood transfusion group (group A: 72 males and 69 females), surgical non-restricted blood transfusion (group B: 77 males and 118 females), medical restrictive blood transfusion (group C: 184 males and 126 females), and medical non-restricted blood transfusion (group D: 110 males and 52 females). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed.Results:In group A, after blood transfusion, hemoglobin level in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients [79.0 (71.5, 87.0) g/L vs. 75.5 (69.0, 82.8) g/L, Z = -2.18, P = 0.029], and C-reactive protein in female patients was significantly lower than that in male patients [21.3 (0.0, 56.0) mg/L vs. 37.0 (3.3, 95.5) mg/L, Z = -1.97, P = 0.049]. In groups B, C, and D, there were no significant differences in hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and hematocrit between male and female patients (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the difference in hemoglobin levels between before and after blood transfusion was statistically significant ( P = 0.009). After a blood transfusion, hemoglobin level in female patients was 1.44 times that in male patients. Conclusion:The tolerance of female patients to blood loss is higher than that of male patients in surgical restrictive blood transfusion, so the threshold value of hemoglobin given to female patients during blood transfusion can be lower than that of male patients. In the case of the same blood loss, priority of blood transfusion can be given to male patients. In the case of scarce blood resources, the total amount of blood transfused for female patients can be approximately reduced.

Protective effect of Dictyophora polysaccharide on neurotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Dictyophora polysaccharide on neurotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats (half males and half females) were selected and fed adaptively for one week. The rats were divided into a normal group ( n = 20, ordinary feed) and a modeling group [ n = 40, arsenic-containing feed (50 mg/kg sodium arsenite)] according to their body weight (80 - 100 g) by random number table method. After 12 weeks, the arsenic content in brain and blood of the rats ( n = 10) was measured to identify the arsenism model. After successful modeling, the rats in the modeling group were divided into Dictyophora polysaccharide group (arsenic-containing feed + 20 ml·kg -1·bw Dictyophora polysaccharide solution by gavage), and model group (arsenic-containing feed + equal volume distilled water by gavage), while the rats in the normal group (ordinary feed + equal volume distilled water by gavage) were retained, with 10 rats in each group for 4 weeks of intervention. Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. Nissl staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue, and the oxidative stress factors [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA)], and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin -1β (IL-1β)] in the brain tissue of each group were measured. Results:Brain arsenic content of rats in the modeling group [(92.02 ± 13.37) μg/g] and blood arsenic content [(51.37 ± 19.33) μg/L] were higher than those of the normal group [(7.42 ± 3.21) μg/g and (2.74 ± 1.29) μg/L, t = - 6.91, - 6.06, P < 0.001]. The rat model of arsenic poisoning was successfully established. Compared with the normal group, the escape latency on the 1st, 3rd and 4th day and the first arrival time of rats in the model group were prolonged, the number of platform crossings was reduced, and the proportion of target quadrant residence time was decreased ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency on the 4th day and the first arrival time of rats in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were shortened, and the proportion of target quadrant residence time was prolonged ( P < 0.05). The results of Nissl staining showed that compared with the normal group, the number of Nissl bodies was decreased, the intercellular space increased, and the arrangement was disorderly in the model group; compared with the model group, the number of Nissl bodies was increased, most of the neurons were structurally intact. Compared with the normal group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the brain tissue of rats in the model group were lower, and the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the brain tissue of rats in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were higher, while the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β were lower ( P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA and IL-1β in the Dictyophora polysaccharide group were not significantly different from those in the normal group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Diactyophora polysaccharide probably reduces the neurotoxicity damage caused by sodium arsenite in rats through antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.

In vitro research of mesenchymal stem cell-coated human islets to alleviate instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coated-islets on instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) after islet transplantation. Methods MSC labeled with tracer and human islets were placed into an ultra-low adsorption cell culture dish, shaken and mixed twice at an interval of 0.5 h, and then incubated at 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 24 h to obtain MSC-coated islets. The coating effect of MSC and in vitro function of the islets were assessed. A blood circulation tube-shaped model was established in vitro. In the blank control group, 0.2 mL of islet culture solution was added. In the islet group, 800 islet equivalent quantity (IEQ) of uncoated islets were supplemented. In the MSC-coated islets group, 800 IEQ of MSC-coated islets were added, and circulated for 60 min at 37 ℃. A portion of 0.5 mL blood sample was taken for routine blood test at 0, 30 and 60 min, respectively. After 60 min circulation, the blood sample was filtered with a 70 μm filter to collect plasma, blood clots and islets. Blood clots and islets were subject to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining. Morphological changes and the aggregation of CD11b-positive cells surrounding the islets were observed. The contents of plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), tissue factor (TF), C3a, C5b-9, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay. Results After 24 h co-incubation, the islets were coated by MSC, with a coating degree of approximately 80%. In the islet and MSC-coated islet group, a large quantity of neutrophils and monocytes were observed surrounding the blood clots and islets, and the quantity of CD11b-positive cells in the MSC-coated islet group was less compared with that in the islet group. After co-incubation with the whole blood for 0, 30 and 60 min, the quantity of platelets, neutrophils and monocytes was declined in the MSC-coated and islet groups, and gradually decreased over time. Compared with the blank control group, the quantity of platelets, monocytes and neutrophils was lower, whereas the TF content was higher in the MSC-coated islet group. Compared with the islet group, the quantity of platelets, monocytes and neutrophils was higher, whereas the TAT and TF contents were less in the MSC-coated islet group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of C3a, C5b-9, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 were up-regulated in the MSC-coated islet group. Compared with the islet group, the expression levels of C3a, C5b-9, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 were down-regulated in the MSC-coated islet group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions MSC-coated islets may reduce the exposure of islet TF in the blood and prevent the incidence of IBMIR during the coagulation response stage, thereby mitigating the injury and loss of islet allograft in the early stage of islet transplantation.

Therapeutic strategy for instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction after islet transplantation / 器官移植

As an effective procedure for type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, islet transplantation could enable those patients to obtain proper control of blood glucose levels. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a nonspecific inflammation during early stage after islet transplantation. After IBMIR occurs, coagulation cascade, complement system activation and inflammatory cell aggregation may be immediately provoked, leading to loss of a large quantity of transplant islets, which severely affects clinical efficacy of islet transplantation. How to alleviate the islet damage caused by IBMIR is a hot topic in islet transplantation. Heparin and etanercept, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α, are recommended as drugs for treating IBMIR following islet transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple approaches and drugs may be adopted to mitigate the damage caused by IBMIR to the islets. In this article, the findings in clinical and preclinical researches were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the management of IBMIR after islet transplantation.

Relationship between uric acid and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in adults / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the correlation between uric acid and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in adults. Methods A total of 186 patients with hyperuricemia from January 2020 to October 2021 were selected as the observation group and 186 subjects with normal blood uric acid were selected as the control group . The levels of uric acid, hs-CRP, MCP-1, IL-6, RANTES and adropin protein were measured . The SYNTAX score was used to assess the risk of coronary heart disease and the incidence rate of coronary heart disease was recorded. The correlation between uric acid and inflammatory indexes was analyzed by linear regression model . The relationship between serum uric acid level and coronary atherosclerotic heart was tested by spearman correlation test. Results The levels of hs-CRP, MCP-1, IL-6, RANTES and adropin protein in the observation group were higher than the control group significantly (P<0.05) . The syntax score of the observation group was higher than the control group significantly (P<0.05) .The incidence rate of coronary heart disease in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The level of uric acid was significantly positively correlated with hs-CRP, MCP-1, IL-6, RANTES and adropin . There was positive correlation between serum uric acid and syntax score and the incidence of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (P<0.05). Conclusion The increase of uric acid level can predict coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Patients with hyperuricemia should actively carry out uric acid lowering treatment to prevent the risk of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

Protective Effect of Huangqi Baihe Granules on Acute Brain Injury in Rats with High Altitude Hypoxia Based on HIF-1α/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signal Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor hot protein domain related protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway in a rat model of high altitude hypoxia. MethodSixty male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg-1）， and high， middle， and low-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules （4.1， 2.05， 1.025 g·kg-1）. Among them， each Chinese medicine group was administrated orally for continuously 14 d， once a day， and the dexamethasone group was injected intraperitoneally for continuously 3 d as the positive control group. On the 15th d， the model group， dexamethasone group， and high， middle， and low dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were exposed to the simulated high altitude， low pressure， and low oxygen environment in the animal low-pressure simulation cabin， and the exposure lasted for 3 d. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated， and the brain tissue was taken after being killed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in rat serum. Western blot was used to detect HIF-1α， NLRP3， phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB）， NF-κB， desquamation D （GSDMD）， and cysteine aspartate-specitis protein-1（Caspase-1） in rats of each group. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe results of HE staining showed that as compared with the normal group， the pathological sections of brain tissues in the model group showed that pyramidal cells were loosely arranged and distributed in disorder， with different sizes. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in pyramidal cells in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were reduced. The results of ELISA showed that as compared with the normal group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that as compared with the normal group， the relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly higher （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the relative expressions of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group and the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and the relative protein expression of HIF-1α in the brain tissue of rats in the low-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules was reduced （P<0.05）. The Real-time PCR analysis showed that as compared with the normal group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， and Caspase-1in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi granules decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on acute brain injury in low-pressure hypoxic rats may be related to the HIF-1α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Protective Effect of Flos Puerariae，Hoveniae Semen， and Their Compatibility on Acute Alcoholic Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice and Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the improvement effect of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury， and lay a foundation for further development of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced multiple organ injury. MethodThe acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury model of mice was established by multiple intragastric administration of 56% Hongxing Erguotou liquor （15 mL·kg-1）. A total of 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， namely， the blank group， model group， omeprazole group （0.026 g·kg-1）， Flos Puerariae-Hoveniae Semen （compatibility） high， medium， and low-dose groups （29.2，14.6， 7.3 g·kg-1）， Flos Puerariae group （19.5 g·kg-1）， and Hoveniae Semen group （19.5 g·kg-1）， with 15 mice in each group. After one week of adaptive feeding， the animals were pre-administrated with the corresponding drug at the rate of 10 mL·kg-1 for 3 d. From the 4th day， after 1 h of administration， Erguotou liquid was administrated at the rate of 15 mL·kg-1 and the blank group was administrated with the same volume of deionized water to record the drunkenness and sober up time. The administration was lasted for 3 d. One hour after the last administration， the eyeballs were removed and the mice were sacrificed. The concentration of ethanol in serum was determined by gas chromatograph， and the activity of ethanol dehydrogenase （ADH） in gastric mucosa was determined by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Serum inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65 and NF-κB inhibitory protein α （IκBα） were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the content of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum of mice in the model group was increased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα was decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the drunkenness time of the omeprazole group， high and medium-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the sober up time of the high and medium-dose compatibility groups was shortened （P<0.05）， the ethanol concentration in the serum of the high-dose compatibility group was decreased （P<0.05）， the ADH activity in the gastric mucosa of the omeprazole group and high and medium-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.05）， the score of pathological injury in the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of IL-6 in serum of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of IL-1β in serum of the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose Flos Puerariae groups， and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of TNF-α in serum of high and medium-dose groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa tissues of the omeprazole group and high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the high-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the low-dose compatibility group and Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.01）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae and Hoveniae Semen groups was prolonged （P<0.01）， the concentration of ethanol in the serum of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， the content of IL-1β in serum of low-dose compatibility group， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa of the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the medium-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.05）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score in the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in serum of the low-dose compatibility group， the Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the low-dose compatibility group， the pathological injury score of the Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionFlos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility play a role in preventing and treating acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in mice， which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of NF-κB signal pathway in gastric mucosa， and the high-dose compatibility group has the optimal effect.

The effect and mechanism of metformin on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetic rats / 药学学报

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications occurring in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which often results in patients suffering from severe hyperalgesia and allodynia. Up to now, the clinical therapeutic effect of DPN is still unsatisfactory. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that has been safely and widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for decades. Studies have shown that metformin can improve pain caused by DPN, but its effects on the nerve conduction velocity and morphology of the sciatic nerve of DPN, and the mechanism for improving DPN are not clear. Therefore, the STZ-induced model of type 1 DPN in SD rats was used to study the effects of metformin on DPN, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism in this study. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). After the model was established successfully, STZ diabetic rats were randomly divided into a model group and a metformin treatment group, and 10 normal SD rats were selected as the normal control group, and the rats were intragastrically administered for 12 weeks. The results showed that metformin significantly reduced blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, food consumption and water consumption in STZ rats. Metformin markedly increased the motor nerve conduction velocity and mechanical stabbing pain threshold, prolonged the hot plate latency threshold, and improved the pathological morphological abnormalities of the sciatic nerve in STZ rats. In addition, metformin increased the content of glutathione (GSH), enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and sciatic nerve of STZ diabetic rats, as well as regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative stress in the sciatic nerve. Metformin obviously reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the serum in STZ rats, and inhibited the gene expression of these inflammatory factors in the sciatic nerve. In summary, metformin significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, improved sciatic nerve morphological abnormalities and pain in DPN rats, which may be related to its effect in improving oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

Research progress on islet protection and functional maintenance / 器官移植

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nevertheless, dysfunction post-transplantation, rejection and shortage of donors are the bottleneck issues in the field of islet transplantation. Optimizing the preservation method of pancreas plays a positive role in obtaining a sufficient quantity of effective islets and maintaining their functions. During the culture stage, anti-rejection and anti-apoptosis treatment of islets, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), MSC-derived exosomes, anti-apoptosis drugs and gene modification, may become major approaches for islet protection and functional maintenance in clinical islet transplantation. Use of anti-instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) drugs after islet transplantation also plays a critical role in protecting islet function. In this article, the whole process from islet preparation to islet transplantation was illustrated, and relevant strategies of islet protection and functional maintenance were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for improving the quality of donors to compensate for the shortage of absolute quantity of donors and elevating the efficiency of islet transplantation.

Obesity is positively Associated with Depression in Older Adults: Role of Systemic Inflammation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to explore the association between obesity and depression and the role of systemic inflammation in older adults.@*METHODS@#Adults ≥ 65 years old ( n = 1,973) were interviewed at baseline in 2018 and 1,459 were followed up in 2021. General and abdominal obesity were assessed, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at baseline. Depression status was assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between obesity and the incidence of depression and worsening of depressive symptoms, as well as the relationship between obesity and CRP levels. The associations of CRP levels with the geriatric depression scale, as well as with its three dimensions, were investigated using multiple linear regressions.@*RESULTS@#General obesity was associated with worsening depression symptoms and incident depression, with an odds ratio ( OR) [95% confidence interval ( CI)] of 1.53 (1.13-2.12) and 1.80 (1.23-2.63), especially among old male subjects, with OR (95% CI) of 2.12 (1.25-3.58) and 2.24 (1.22-4.11), respectively; however, no significant relationship was observed between abdominal obesity and depression. In addition, general obesity was associated with high levels of CRP, with OR (95% CI) of 2.58 (1.75-3.81), especially in subjects free of depression at baseline, with OR (95% CI) of 3.15 (1.97-5.04), and CRP levels were positively correlated with a score of specific dimension (life satisfaction) of depression, P < 0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#General obesity, rather than abdominal obesity, was associated with worsening depressive symptoms and incident depression, which can be partly explained by the systemic inflammatory response, and the impact of obesity on depression should be taken more seriously in the older male population.

Edema tardio intermitente e persistente (etip) - reação adversa tardia ao preenchedor de ácido hialurônico desencadeada pelo denosumabe: um relato de caso / Persistent intermittent delayed swelling (pids) - late adverse reaction to hyaluronic acid filler induced by denosumabe: a case report / Hinchazón persistente intermitente retardada (pids) - reacción adversa tardía al relleno de ácido hialurónico inducida por denosumabe: informe de un caso

O edema tardio intermitente persistente (ETIP) é uma reação inflamatória imunomediada desencadeada pela aplicação de ácido hialurônico (AH). É classificado clinicamente como não depressível, difuso e de caráter tardio, por aparecer, no mínimo, 30 dias após a aplicação. Ademais, caracteriza-se como intermitente e recorrente, visto que a reação pode reaparecer enquanto a substância perdurar no tecido. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de ETIP desencadeado pelo medicamento Prolia, sua apresentação clínica e evolução do quadro, bem como o tratamento realizado. No presente relato de caso, foi observada essa reação após uso do medicamento Prolia (Denosumabe), um anticorpo monoclonal que reduz a reabsorção óssea, utilizado para o tratamento da osteoporose. A paciente em questão é uma mulher de 56 anos, procedente de Joaçaba (SC), a qual apresentou placas eritematosas infiltradas na região do lábio superior, inferior e sulconasomentual, após cinco meses da aplicação do AH. Após conhecimento das medicações de uso e posterior confirmação histopatológica, foi diagnosticada com ETIP e iniciou conduta médica. A ETIP geralmente apresenta uma progressão benigna, se diagnosticada e tratada corretamente. A paciente em questão apresentou completa melhora clínica e, apesar de ainda não existir um consenso na literatura sobre como manejar a ETIP, o tratamento que melhor se adaptou ao caso foi a administração de Prednisolona por 4 semanas. Por não haver sido descrito anteriormente, na literatura mundial, o aparecimento de ETIP desencadeado pelo Denosumabe, destaca-se a importância do presente estudo para elucidação desta possível inteiração entre os compostos.

Persistent intermittent delayed swelling (PIDS) is an inflammatory reaction immune-mediated by the application of hyaluronic acid (HA). It is clinically classified as non-depressible, diffuse, and delayed, as its onset is in at least 30 days following application. Moreover, it is characterized as intermittent and reocurring, as the reaction may reappear while the substance remains in the tissue. The present study aims to report a case of PIDS caused by the drug Prolia, including its clinical presentation and development, as well as the treatment performed. In this case report the reaction was observed after the use of Prolia (Denosumab), a monoclonal antibody that reduces bone reapsorption, indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis. The patient was 56 years-old woman from Joaçaba (SC) that presented erythematous plaques in the upper and lower lip regions and in the melomental folds five months after the application of HA. After acknowledging the medications under use and histopathological confirmation, the patient was dignosed with PIDS and started medical treatment. PIDS usually has a benign progression if correctly diagnosed and treated. The patient made a full clinical recovery and, despite the lack of consensus in the literature for the management of PIDS, the treatment with best responses for this case was the administration of Prednilosone for four weeks. As the emergence of PIDS triggered by Denosumab was not previously described in the global literature, the current study is important to elucidate the possible interaction between the compounds.

La hinchazón persistente intermitente retardada (PIDS) es una reacción inflamatoria inmunomediada por la aplicación de ácido hialurónico (AH). Clínicamente se clasifica como no depresible, difusa y retardada, ya que su aparición se produce en al menos 30 días tras la aplicación. Además, se caracteriza como intermitente y recidivante, ya que la reacción puede reaparecer mientras la sustancia permanece en el tejido. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo reportar un caso de PIDS causado por el medicamento Prolia, incluyendo su presentación clínica y desarrollo, así como el tratamiento realizado. En este caso clínico la reacción se observó tras el uso de Prolia (Denosumab), un anticuerpo monoclonal que reduce la reabsorción ósea, indicado para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. La paciente era una mujer de 56 años de Joaçaba (SC) que presentó placas eritematosas en las regiones labial superior e inferior y en los pliegues melomentales cinco meses después de la aplicación del HA. Después del reconocimiento de los medicamentos en uso y de la confirmación histopatológica, la paciente fue dignosticada con PIDS e inició tratamiento médico. El PIDS suele tener una evolución benigna si se diagnostica y trata correctamente. La paciente tuvo una recuperación clínica completa y, a pesar de la falta de consenso en la literatura para el manejo de laIDS, el tratamiento con mejores respuestas para este caso fue la administración de Prednilosona durante cuatro semanas. Como la aparición de PIDS desencadenada por Denosumab no fue descrita anteriormente en la literatura mundial, el presente estudio es importante para dilucidar la posible interacción entre los compuestos.

Effect of high altitude on PEF and inflammatory response in elderly patients with heart failure and respiratory tract infection / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of high altitude on peak expiratory flow (PEF) in elderly patients with heart failure and respiratory tract infection and its relationship with inflammatory response. Methods A total of 380 elderly patients over 60 years old with heart failure and respiratory tract infection admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to September 2022 were selected by cluster sampling method as research objects, including 190 long-term residents in high-altitude areas and 190 long-term residents in non-high-altitude areas.Information on current diseases, peak expiratory flow (PEF) levels, and inflammatory status (serum TNF) were collected- α， CRP, PCT and IL-6 levels) and other potential influencing factors; The relevant test indexes were collected at the time of enrollment (baseline) and at the time of discharge after treatment (the shortest hospital stay of 6 days and the longest hospital stay of 21 days); To compare the effects of long-term living at high altitude on PEF level and inflammatory state. The study used spss19 0 statistical software package for analysis. Results In this study, 380 elderly patients over 60 years old with heart failure and respiratory tract infection were enrolled, including 190 long-term residents in high-altitude areas (high-altitude group) and 190 long-term residents in non-high-altitude areas (control group). The mean age of patients in the high altitude group was (66.20±6.56) years old, the proportion of male patients was 53.16%, and the proportion of patients with heart failure duration less than 5 years was 70.00%. The average age of the control group was (66.93±6.77) years old, the proportion of male patients was 53.85%, and the proportion of patients with heart failure duration less than 5 years was 71.79%. The levels of PEF, FEV1 and FVC in 2 groups were higher than the baseline level at discharge (t=2.095, 7.139, 11.047, 14.594, 14.104, 12.250, all P<0.05). And the high altitude group was significantly lower than the control group (t=5.260, 6.912, 6.262, P<0.05). The baseline levels of TNF-α, CRP, PCT and IL-6 in the high altitude group were higher than those in the control group. After treatment, the levels of several inflammation-related factors decreased in both groups, but the high altitude group was still higher than the control group. The expression levels of inflammation-related factors (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, PCT) in subjects at high altitude were negatively correlated with the levels of lung function related indicators (PEF, FEV1, FVC) (r=-0.453, -0.496, -0.379, -0.563, -0.467, -0.522, -0.497, -0.518, -0.419, -0.416, -0.438, -0.480), and the correlation coefficients were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion High altitude living factors are associated with the decrease of PEF. At the same time, it indirectly aggravates the inflammatory state of patients, and it is more difficult for therapeutic intervention to control the inflammation to the ideal level within the same time, which is worthy of clinical attention.

Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in rats with traumatic brain injury based on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in rats with traumatic brain injury （TBI）. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， astaxanthin low-dose group （20 mg/kg）， astaxanthin high-dose group （40 mg/kg）， astaxanthin+ML385 group [astaxanthin 40 mg/kg+ nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor ML385 30 mg/kg]， with 14 rats in each group. Except for the sham operation group， TBI model was induced by the modified Feeney free-fall impact method in other groups. The rats in each drug group were given the corresponding drug intragastrically or intraperitoneally， and the rats in the sham operation group and model group were intragastrically given a constant volume of normal saline. The neurological function of rats in each group was scored on the 1st， 3rd and 7th day after drug intervention； on the 7th day of drug intervention， the changes of cerebral histomorphology and inflammatory infiltration score were observed in each group， and the ultrastructure of nerve cells in brain tissue was also observed. The contents of oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， nitric oxide （NO）] and inflammatory reaction indexes [tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， inducible nitric oxide synthase] as well as protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and NAD（P）H： quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） were detected in cerebral tissue. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group， the brain edema of rats in the model group was obvious， accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated， the shape of organelles was damaged and their number was reduced， and the ultrastructure of nerve cells was seriously damaged. The neurological function score， the contents of SOD， CAT， GSH-Px and NO and the relative expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1 and NQO1 protein and mRNA in brain tissue were significantly decreased， while the inflammatory infiltration scores， the contents of MDA and inflammatory reaction indexes were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， low-dose and high-dose astaxanthin could significantly improve the pathological status of brain tissue and nerve cells and neurological function scores （except for the first day of drug intervention in the astaxanthin low-dose group）， increase the contents of SOD， CAT， GSH-Px and NO and the relative expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 protein and mRNA in brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner， and reduce inflammatory infiltration scores， the contents of MDA and inflammatory reaction indexes （P＜0.05）. ML385 could significantly inhibit the above effects of astaxanthin （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Astaxanthin may reduce the oxidative stress of TBI model rats， alleviate the neurological damage and reduce the level of inflammation reaction by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Pay attention to the role of anti-inflammatory in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy / 中国医师杂志

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal microvascular disease associated with diabetes which is the primary cause of impaired vision in working age population. Inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR, and to target at which anti-inflammatory treatments such as glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used, but with disputes on therapeutic effect and drug selection. This review aims to clarify the research on mechanism of inflammatory reaction in DR, summarize the application status of existing anti-inflammatory therapy, and provide some new ideas for the research and clinical application of the treatment of DR.

Effects of SuperPATH approach versus posterolateral approach in total hip replacement on inflammatory response, hip function, and quality of life in patients with hip diseases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of SuperPATH approach versus conventional posterolateral approach in total hip replacement on inflammatory response, hip function, and quality of life in patients with hip diseases. Methods:The clinical data of 140 patients with hip diseases who underwent total hip replacement in Shanxian Central Hospital from March 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into SuperPATH approach ( n = 70) and posterolateral approach ( n = 70) groups. Operation-related indexes, inflammatory response indexes, hip function, quality of life, and pain were compared between the two groups. Results:Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the SuperPATH approach group than in the posterolateral approach group [(105.40 ± 15.11) mL vs. (196.89 ± 24.26) mL, t = 26.74, P < 0.001]. Incision length, postoperative time to getting out of bed, length of hospital stay in the SuperPATH approach group were (6.85 ± 1.42) cm, (2.92 ± 0.28) days, and (6.67 ± 1.36) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the posterolateral approach group [(13.07 ± 1.89) cm, (8.36 ± 1.45) days, (10.91 ± 1.34) days, t = 19.36, 30.82, 18.58, P < 0.001]. Operative time was significantly longer in the SuperPATH approach group than in the posterolateral approach group [(69.38 ± 8.62) minutes vs. (60.45 ± 7.79) minutes, t = 6.43, P < 0.001). The scores of social role functioning, general health perceptions, vitality, mental health, bodily pain, emotional role functioning, physical functioning, and physical functioning measured 6 months after surgery were significantly higher in the SuperPATH approach group than in the posterolateral approach group ( t = 9.12, 11.80, 11.64, 11.69, 6.45, 11.79, 6.04, 10.74, all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate measured 3 and 14 days after surgery between the two groups (both P > 0.05). Harris score used for evaluation of hip function 1 month after surgery was significantly higher in the SuperPATH approach group than in the posterolateral approach group [(76.42 ± 4.17) points vs. (69.37 ± 5.11) points, t = 8.94, P < 0.001]. The Visual Analog Scale score 3 days after surgery was significantly lower in the SuperPATH approach group than in the posterolateral approach group [(3.18 ± 0.21) points vs. (4.26 ± 0.29) points, t = 25.23, P < 0.001]. Conclusion:Compared with the conventional posterolateral approach, the SuperPATH approach for total hip arthroplasty takes longer operative time, but it can better reduce early postoperative pain, promote hip function recovery, and improve quality of life.

Progress of pulmonary pericytes in lung development and lung diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

As a member of vessel extracellular matrix, pericytes have a close relationship with angiogenesis.Pericytes widely exist on the surface of microvascular all over the body, which are important to the stability of vessels.As a member in development of vascular structure, pericytes are located in the niches between the junction of lung vascular cells, and pericytes definitely play important roles in lung development and lung diseases.Based on the functional characters of pericytes, this article summarizes the relevant researches about the roles of pericytes in the lung development and lung diseases, and further study of pericytes will provide new insights into the mechanism of lung development and lung diseases.

Effects of different routes of heparin on instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction after portal vein islet transplantation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Heparin is mainly used as an anticoagulant in clinic, and it also has a certain anti-inflammatory effect. At present, after portal vein islet transplantation in diabetic patients, heparin is mainly infused through the peripheral veins of the limbs to achieve the purpose of anticoagulation and protection of the graft, rather than through the portal vein. In this study, animal experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heparin infusion via the portal vein and marginal ear vein on the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) after portal vein islet transplantation, which is the choice of anticoagulation methods for clinical islet transplantation to provide a basis for decision-making.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 neonatal pigs (Xeno-1 type, 3-5 days) were selected. Islets were isolated and purified from the pancreas of neonatal pigs. Ten non-diabetic Landrace pigs (1.5-2.0 months) served as recipients, and 12 000 IEQ/kg neonatal porcine islets were transplanted into the liver through the portal vein. All recipients received bolus injection of 50 U/kg of heparin 10 minutes before transplantation. After the bolus injection of heparin, the experimental group received heparin via the portal vein [10 U/(kg·h), 5 recipients], and the control group received heparin via the marginal ear vein [10 U/(kg·h), 5 recipients]. The superior vena cava blood was collected from the 2 groups pre-operation at 1, 3, 24 h post-operation of the transplantation. The portal vein blood was collected from the experimental group at 1 and 3 h after the transplantation as well. The levels of complement C3a, C5a, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and D-dimer as well as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in superior vena cava blood from 1 and 3 h post-transplantation were detected in the 2 groups, and the levels of anti-Xa and anti-IIa in the portal vein and superior vena cava blood from 1 and 3 h post-transplantation in the experimental group were detected. Twenty four hours after the transplantation, the liver tissues in the 2 groups were collected for pathological examination to observe the inflammatory cell infiltration and peripheral thrombosis around the islets graft in liver.@*RESULTS@#Before transplantation, there was no statistically significant difference in C3a, C5a, TAT, β-TG, D-dimer levels and APTT between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 1 and 3 h after transplantation, the C3a, TAT, and D-dimer levels in the experimental group were significant decreased than those in the control groups (all P<0.05), and at 3 h after transplantation the C5a was significant decreased than that in the control group (P<0.05). At 1 and 3 h after transplantation, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa levels in the portal vein blood were significantly increased than those in the superior vena cava blood in the experimental group (all P<0.05). Pathological results showed the presence of islet cell clusters in the liver blood vessels. The thrombus formation and neutrophil infiltration around islet graft was not obvious in the experimental group, while massive thrombus formation and neutrophil infiltration in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with marginal ear vein infusion of heparin, the direct infusion of heparin in the portal vein has a certain inhibitory effect on complement system, coagulation system activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in portal vein islet transplantation, which may attenuate the occurrence of IBMIR.

PPARγ2 functions as a tumor suppressor in a translational mouse model of human prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator that controls energy metabolism and cell fate. PPARγ2, a PPARγ isoform, is highly expressed in the normal prostate but expressed at lower levels in prostate cancer tissues. In the present study, PC3 and LNCaP cells were used to examine the benefits of restoring PPARγ2 activity. PPARγ2 was overexpressed in PC3 and LNCaP cells, and cell proliferation and migration were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect pathological changes. The genes regulated by PPARγ2 overexpression were detected by microarray analysis. The restoration of PPARγ2 in PC3 and LNCaP cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. PC3-PPARγ2 tissue recombinants showed necrosis in cancerous regions and leukocyte infiltration in the surrounding stroma by H&E staining. We found higher mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and lower microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression in cancer tissues compared to controls by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Microarray analysis showed that PPARγ2 gain of function in PC3 cells resulted in the reprogramming of lipid- and energy metabolism-associated signaling pathways. These data indicate that PPARγ2 exerts a crucial tumor-suppressive effect by triggering necrosis and an inflammatory reaction in human prostate cancer.

Heme oxygenase-1 reduces inflammatory response by inhibiting thioredoxin interacting protein/NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation in RAW264.7 cells / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on the inflammatory response of macrophages.Methods:Mouse macrophage strain RAW264.7 was cultured in vitro, and the cells in the logarithmic growth phase were used for the experiment. The RAW264.7 cells were divided into four groups. In blank control group, the cells were continuously incubated and received no treatment (cultured at 37 ℃, 95% air, 5% CO 2). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model group, 1 mg/L LPS was added to the medium to prepare LPS challenge model. In HO-1 inducer group, the cells were incubated with 30 μmol/L HO-1 inducer hemin for 1 hour, and then 1 mg/L LPS was added for incubation. In HO-1 inhibition group, the cells were incubated with 5 μmol/L HO-1 specific antagonist Zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ (ZnPPⅨ) for 0.5 hour, and then 1 mg/L LPS was added for incubation. After 48 hours of incubation with LPS, the supernatant of each group was taken, and the protein expressions of HO-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and mitochondrial autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC-3B) were detected by Western blotting. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the cells in the LPS model group had a certain stress response, and autophagy occurred in mitochondria, but the expression of some inflammatory factors was restricted, which was related to the impairment of cell function. The protein expressions of HO-1, IL-1β, LC-3B, ROS were significantly increased, the protein expressions of TNF-α, TXNIP, and NLRP3 were decreased significantly, indicating that the cells were seriously injured after LPS challenge, and the model was successfully established. Compared with the LPS model group, HO-1 protein expression in the HO-1 inducer group was significantly increased (HO-1/GAPDH: 0.31±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.03, P < 0.05), the protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, TXNIP, NLRP3, LC-3B and ROS were significantly inhibited [TNF-α protein (TNF-α/GAPDH): 0.08±0.01 vs. 0.45±0.05, IL-1β protein (IL-1β/GAPDH): 0.50±0.01 vs. 0.82±0.03, TXNIP protein (TXNIP/GAPDH): 0.21±0.02 vs. 0.28±0.02, NLRP3 protein (NLRP3/GAPDH): 0.11±0.01 vs. 0.17±0.02, LC-3B protein (LC-3B/GAPDH): 0.67±0.04 vs. 0.92±0.12, ROS (fluorescence intensity): 80.9±12.5 vs. 94.1±19.5, all P < 0.05], indicating that HO-1 could inhibit inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and reduce mitochondrial autophagy. Antagonizing HO-1 could increase inflammatory response, oxidative stress and mitochondrial autophagy, the inhibitory degree of TNF-α and IL-1β expression was significantly reduced as compared with the HO-1 inducer group [TNF-α protein (TNF-α/GAPDH): 0.26±0.02 vs. 0.08±0.01, IL-1β protein (IL-1β/GAPDH): 0.76±0.01 vs. 0.50±0.01, both P < 0.05], the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, LC-3B and ROS were significantly increased as compared with the LPS model group [TXNIP protein (TXNIP/GAPDH): 0.43±0.02 vs. 0.28±0.02, NLRP3 protein (NLRP3/GAPDH): 0.24±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.02, LC-3B protein (LC-3B/GAPDH): 1.12±0.07 vs. 0.92±0.12, ROS (fluorescence intensity): 112.0±17.0 vs. 94.1±19.5, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:HO-1 can reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing the release of inflammatory mediators.